Xu Li, Yanghao Liu, Ling Ma, Wenjing Jiang, Tangen Shi, Lanxiao Li, Changgeng Li, Zhichao Chen, Xiaoguang Fan & Qingyang Xu (2025). Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-yield dopamine production via optimized fermentation strategies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Strains

• Escherichia coli W3110
• Escherichia coli DA-1
• Escherichia coli DA-1-1
• Escherichia coli DA-2
• Escherichia coli DA-3
• Escherichia coli DA-4
• Escherichia coli DA-5
• Escherichia coli DA-6
• Escherichia coli DA-7
• Escherichia coli DA-8
• Escherichia coli DA-9
• Escherichia coli DA-10
• Escherichia coli DA-11
• Escherichia coli DA-12
• Escherichia coli DA-13
• Escherichia coli DA-14
• Escherichia coli DA-15
• Escherichia coli DA-16
• Escherichia coli DA-17
• Escherichia coli DA-18
• Escherichia coli DA-19
• Escherichia coli DA-20
• Escherichia coli DA-21
• Escherichia coli DA-22
• Escherichia coli DA-23
• Escherichia coli DA-24
• Escherichia coli DA-25
• Escherichia coli DA-26
• Escherichia coli DA-27
• Escherichia coli DA-28
• Escherichia coli DA-29

Metabolite production

• dopamine
  Titer
  • 22.58 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-29 in Fed-Batch)
  • 0.0 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-1 in Flask)
  • 0.0 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-1-1 in Flask)
  • 0.51 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-2 in Flask)
  • 0.62 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-3 in Flask)
  • 0.32 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-4 in Flask)
  • 0.47 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-5 in Flask)
  • 0.77 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-6 in Flask)
  • 1.47 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-12 in Flask)
  • 1.83 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-15 in Flask)
  • 0.57 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-16 in Flask)
  • 0.89 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-17 in Flask)
  • 0.99 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-18 in Flask)
  • 1.08 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-19 in Flask)
  • 0.57 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-20 in Flask)
  • 1.21 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-21 in Flask)
  • 0.86 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-22 in Flask)
  • 4.58 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-25 in Flask)
  • 4.91 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-27 in Flask)
  • 5.27 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-28 in Flask)
  • 5.71 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-29 in Flask)
  Substrate yield
  • 0.0337 mol/mol of substrate (Escherichia coli DA-29 in Fed-Batch)
• L-dopa
  Titer
  • 0.0 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-1 in Flask)
  • 0.94 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-1-1 in Flask)
  • 0.65 g/L (Escherichia coli DA-15 in Flask)